Sunday reading : Chimamanda Nogozi

 Chimamanda Ngozi 

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, (born September 15, 1977, Enugu, Nigeria), Nigerian author whose work drew extensively on the Biafran war in Nigeria during the late 1960s.

Adichie is Novelist short-story writer and Non-fiction writer. Her way to highlight the contemporary social issues in a very creative and interesting way is unique.

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is a Nigerian writer whose works range from novels to short stories to nonfiction.She was described in The Times Literary Supplement as "the most prominent" of a "procession of critically acclaimed young anglophone authors [which] is succeeding in attracting a new generation of readers to African literature",particularly in her second home, the United States. Adichie, a feminist, has written the novels Purple Hibiscus (2003), Half of a Yellow Sun (2006), and Americanah (2013), the short story collection The Thing Around Your Neck (2009), and the book-length essay We Should All Be Feminists (2014).Her most recent books are Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions (2017) and Notes on Grief (2021).In 2008, she was awarded a MacArthur Genius Grant.

1 Talk on importance of Story / Literature

The first talk is about the danger of a single story. Adichie explains that if we only hear about a people, place or situation from one point of view, we risk accepting one experience as the whole truth.

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's "The Danger of a Single Story" Ted Talk, in July 2009, explores the negative influences that a “single story” can have and identifies the root of these stories. Adichie argues that single stories often originate from simple misunderstandings or one’s lack of knowledge of others, but that these stories can also have a malicious intent to suppress other groups of people due to prejudice. People, especially in their childhood, are “impressionable and vulnerable” when it comes to single stories. Adichie asserts that media and literature available to the public often only tell one story, which causes people to generalize and make assumptions about groups of people

Adichie shares two primary examples to discuss why generalizations are made. Reflecting on her everyday life, she recalls a time where her college roommate had a “default position” of “well-meaning pity” towards her due to the misconception that everyone from Africa comes from a poor, struggling background. Adichie also clearly faults herself for also being influenced by the “single story” epidemic, showing that she made the same mistake as many others. Due to the strong media coverage on Mexican immigration she “had bought into the single story”, automatically associating all Mexicans with immigration (Adichie 08:53). These anecdotes emphasize how stereotypes are formed due to incomplete information, but one story should not define a group of people.

2 We should All Be Feminist

Adichie's TED Talk argues that "feminist" isn't a bad word and that everyone should be feminist. She begins with a brief anecdote about her friend Okoloma, with whom she grew up. Okoloma was a great thinker and enjoyed debating Adichie about anything and everything. One day, during a heated debate, he called Adichie a "feminist." She didn't know what the word meant at the time, but understood that it wasn't a compliment. In fact, Okoloma was criticizing her. She never forgot this incident.

In this video she  mentioned her own experiences. And she give to  feminine definition her own words.she Say's.she was a schools time at that time her get to highest score. So her become a monitor but sir Say's only for boys become a monitor so second position of boys and he become a monitor in my class. "We Should All Be Feminists is a personal, eloquently-argued essay from Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, award-winning author of Half of a Yellow Sun and Americanah". Here Adichie offers readers a unique definition of feminism for the twenty-first century, one rooted in inclusion and awareness. Drawing extensively on her own experiences and her deep understanding of the often-masked realities of sexual politics, here is one remarkable author’s exploration of what it means to be a woman now—and an of-the-moment rallying cry for why we should all be feminists.

3 Talk on importance of Truth in Post Era

In this  video I would  like the views of Adichie and I truly appreciate her perspective analysis of Post truth. This is a must watch video. She observes that generally, people in the twenty first century has a lot of things around them to get confused or rather to believe in it so easily that sometimes, it may happen that the information they carry may be not pure or correct. So, from the whole broken glass, truth is like the mini pieces of that glass, it doesn't corry the whole potential to be a sole and complete entity but it's a collect I tire and life?

selected poems

 Kamala Das An Introduction

Kamala Das

 

Kamala Surayya (born Kamala; 31 March 1934 – 31 May 2009), popularly known by her one-time pen name Madhavikutty and married name Kamala Das, was an Indian poet in English as well as an author in Malayalam from Kerala, India. Her popularity in Kerala is based chiefly on her short stories and autobiography, while her oeuvre in English, written under the name Kamala Das, is noted for the poems and explicit autobiography. She was also a widely read columnist and wrote on diverse topics including women's issues, child care, politics, etc. Her liberal treatment of female sexuality, marked her as an iconoclast in popular culture of her generation. On 31 May 2009, aged 75, she died at Jehangir Hospital in Pune.

Kamala married Madhav Das at the age of 15. The couple had three sons: M D Nalapat, Chinen Das and Jayasurya Das. Her husband who happened to be bisexual later on in their marriage life, predeceased her in 1992, after 43 years of marriage. Madhav Das Nalapat, her eldest son, is married to Princess Thiruvathira Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi (daughter of Princess Pooyam Thirunal Gouri Parvati Bayi and Sri Chembrol Raja Raja Varma Avargal) from the Travancore Royal House. He holds the UNESCO Peace Chair and is a professor of geopolitics at the Manipal University. He had been a resident editor of The Times of India. Kamala Surayya converted to Islam in 1999 and announced that she planned to marry her Muslim lover, but she never remarried.On 31 May 2009, aged 75, she died at a hospital in Pune, after a long battle with pneumonia. Her body was flown to her home state of Kerala. She was interred at the Palayam Juma Masjid at Thiruvananthapuram with full state honour.

She was noted for her several Malayalam short stories as well as poems written in English. Das was also a syndicated columnist. She once claimed that "poetry does not sell in this country [India]", but her forthright columns, which sounded off on everything from women's issues and child care to politics, were popular. Das was a confessional poet whose poems have often been considered at par with those of Anne Sexton and Robert Lowell.

Kamala Das' first book of poetry, Summer in Calcutta was a breath of fresh air in Indian English poetry. She wrote chiefly of love, betrayal, and the consequent anguish. Das abandoned the certainties offered by an archaic, and somewhat sterile, aestheticism for an independence of mind and body at a time when Indian poets were still governed by "19th-century diction, sentiment and romanticised love.

Politicians By In Introduction 

Das comparing her knowledge of politicians to the days of the week and months of the year. Although she does not have a firm grasp on politics itself, those in power have remained in her mind. This shows their power to be much greater than their role should allow. The first of these she is able to recall is “Nehru,” who served as India’s first prime minister after the withdrawal of the British.

The poet starts explaining by saying that she doesn’t know the politics yet she is well aware of the politicians of her country from Nehru to the ones of her own times.

And as the politics of India has always remained in fewer hands (of males) she has memorized the names of all the politicians like the days of the week or the names of the month.

The lines depict how the males have been ruling the country without giving this right to the women. Moreover, the rulers are fewer in numbers because democracy exists only in words. In reality, the rule of the country remains in the hands of some people only who have assumed themselves to be the permanent rulers.

The Curse of Karna

 Thanking Activities: The Curse Of  Karna

Tyagaraja  Paramasiva kailasam , popularly known as T. P. Kailasam was both a great playwright and a talented actor. His plays are lively representation of themes taken mostly from ancient Indian literature.  Commenting upon it S. Krishna Bhatta observs : 

It appears that his knowledge of ancient Indian literature and his long stay in England urged him to contribute something concrete to this sparsely cultivalted field. In spite of

The Curse of Karna 

Kailasam, in The Purpose, has beautifully concealed the conflict of the High-born and low-born behind the curtain of the struggler for supremacy in archery. However, as the play belong to pre-independent India, there can be identified certain hints and suggestions of colonial expansion and the exploitation of the have nots like Ekalavya. In this context Ekalavya seems to be representing fighters of freedom, wolves the English rulers, deer and fawns the people of India, and Arjuna symbolizes the feudal lords who obliquely helps the wolves.

Interpret the 'End' of all acts and scenes.

Act - 1

Raama : POOR KARNA! POOR, POOR KARNA !

Act - 2

 Gandharaj : POOR ANGA ! POOR POOR HONEST ANGA!

Act - 3

 The King Suryodhan :THE KING POOR ANGA !OUR POOR GREAT ANGA !

Act - 4 

 Bheema : Ange crumples into Bheema's arms who carries him out muttering amid tears : POOR ANGA ! POOR GREAT ANGA !" THE THRONE ROOM, empty now, is exposed for a minute before -

Act - 5 

Aswatthama : "OUR ANGA !" "OUR GREAT ANGA!"

                                   "OUR POOR POOR ANGA!"

2. Is ' moral conflict' and 'Hamartia' there in Karna's character ?

Hamartia is the tragic flaw or error that reverses a protagonist’s fortune from good to bad. Hamartia, pronounced hah-mahr-tee--uh, is derived from the Greek phrase hamartanein meaning “to err” or “to miss the mark.” Hamartia includes character flaws such as excessive ambition, greed, or pride which result in tragic consequences.

Karna - The Voice of Subaltern

The  story  of  Karna  begins  with  the  misfortune  of  his  secret  birth  and  unfolds  itself  amidst  the  unremitting gloom  of  injustice  and  insult.  A  long  time  ago,  a  beautiful  young  princess  named  Kunti  lived  with  her  Uncle, King Kuntibhoj, in a lovely palace along the banks of a wide river. One day Maharishi Durvasa visited the palace of Kuntibhoja. He stayed there for almost a year. During his stay Kunti was given the responsibility of attending to his needs. Kunti served the Maharishi with great reverence without caring for her own comfort. The sage had a very peaceful and happy stay and wanted to reward Kunti for her services. Maharishi said, “Child, one day you will  need the  help of the Gods. I am going to teach  you a  secret  mantra for  inviting the  Gods  into your  life. Be very careful with this mantra! Use it wisely.” (Sperling, 5)  Early the next morning Kunti was playing by herself in the royal garden. The sun had risen and Kunti watched its rays touched a flower here, a leaf there. She felt its warmth  on  her  skin.  She  thought  about  the  Sun  God  waking  up  the  whole  world.  Forgetting  her  promise  to Durvasa,  she  began  to  recite  the  mantra.  She  closed  her  eyes  andconcentrated  the  way  she  had  been  taught  to summon the Sun-God Surya who is compelled to give her a child, fearful that a child conceived before marriage may ruin her reputation, Kunti places the child-born with natural armour and divine earrings-in a wicker basket. She coated the basket with the wax to make it waterproof, and lined it with layers of the silk to make it soft and warm. She placed the baby carefully in his new bed and carried the basket to the river. Then she kissed him good-bye and set the basket afloat and whispered, “May the Sun-God watch over you always and keep you safe. May you find parents who will love you and care for you.” Downstream,  Adhiratha  was  sitting  on  a  rock,  hoping  to  catch  a  fish  for  the  midday  meal.  He  was  a gentleman,a  charioteer  by  trade,  and  his  wife  Radha  was  a  gentle  and  good  woman.  They  were  often  sad, however,  for they  were  unable  to  have  children.  Adhiratha  cast the  line  out over the  river  and  sighed  again,  he waded out into the current and caught hold of the basket.

Karna  was lodgedin  the  section  reserved  for ordinary pupils and away  from the  section reserved  for princes and other high caste students.  After a  few days when Adhiratha visited his son in his lodgings, he found him tense and somewhat angry as well. Before entering the room he had assured him that his son was very bright and a quick learner. But on entering the room he found him in a different frame of mind which made him apprehensive. On being asked, Karna started asking all sorts of questions with his father. He asked, “Baba is it a crime to be a Suta-Putra? Why do scriptures sanction this class-based  discrimination?  Why  the  princes  and  other so-calledupper-classstudents  should  be  given  better  food, better lodgings,and  better  education  as  compared  to  students  like  me,who  seem  to  have  an inbornstigma attached to their names? Where does my fault lie in all this?” (Zutushi, 68) Similarly, this scenario is also denoted by the term ‘subaltern’conventionally denotes an inferior military rank, it is more generally used as ‘a name for the general attribute of subordination in South Asian society’ often expressed in terms of caste and gender as it is being  acquired  at  birth  and  is non-changeable. The  term ‘Subaltern’was  coined  by Ranjit  Guhaand  later  it was adopted by Marxist Antonio Gramsciand further it was discussed by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak in her essay ‘Can  the  Subaltern  Speak?’People  consider  Subaltern  as  the  unrepresented  group  of  people  in  the society, people of  inferior race, not fit  for making any real  contribution to the society and therefore they cannot speak,  but  in  reality  subaltern  can  speak  but others  do  not  have  the  patience  to  listen  to them  and  same  can  be seen with Karna, he is capable but he ultimately he is Suta Putra.

Midnight's Children

 

This blog is about Thinking Activity on Midnight's Children written by Rushdie. This task is assigned by Prof. Dr. Dilip Barad sir, Head of the English Department of Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji  Bhavnagar University (MKBU). As a part of the syllabus, students of English department are learning the paper called Cultural Studies.

About The Novel

Midnight’s children(novel), is story of Grandfather to son Saleem and another boy Shiva. With the born of independent India at mid night some children were also born and with their grows symbolically growing of India is presented. Movie is like collage of so any things. Many stories goes together with various symbols, hidden meanings and mechanics of the movie. Midnight’s children is like National History in Fictional way. Deepa Mehta try to make it Dreamy and Dramatic. Salman Rushdie is himself screenplay writer, though it is not as good as novel.

Quote

About Author 

Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie FRSL (born 19 June 1947) is an Indian-born British-American novelist and essayist. His work, combining magical realism with historical fiction, is primarily concerned with the many connections, disruptions, and migrations between Eastern and Western civilizations, with much of his fiction being set on the Indian subcontinent.

His second novel, Midnight's Children (1981), won the Booker Prize in 1981 and was deemed to be "the best novel of all winners" on two occasions, marking the 25th and the 40th anniversary of the prize. His fourth novel, The Satanic Verses (1988), was the subject of a major controversy, provoking protests from Muslims in several countries. Death threats were made against him, including a fatwā calling for his assassination issued by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the Supreme Leader of Iran, on 14 February 1989. The British government put Rushdie under police protection.

In 1983, Rushdie was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature, the UK's senior literary organisation. He was appointed Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Letters of France in January 1999.In June 2007, Queen Elizabeth II knighted him for his services to literature. In 2008, The Times ranked him thirteenth on its list of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945.

Since 2000, Rushdie has lived in the United States. He was named Distinguished Writer in Residence at the Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute of New York University in 2015. Earlier, he taught at Emory University. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters. In 2012, he published Joseph Anton: A Memoir, an account of his life in the wake of the controversy over The Satanic Verses.

1. Narrative technique (changes made in film adaptation - for eg. absence of Padma, the Nati, the listener, the commenter - What is your interpretation?)

👉In the movie " Midnight's Children" so many changes had been made by the director. so many character are not included in a movie and novel also. In original text the story is told by protagonist and the story listened to by Padma. In movie Padma is absence. Salman Rushdie a use of magic realism and Independence India politic situation Indira Gandhi time. In film adaptation this method is changed and here Saleem tells the story but the audience plays the role of nati.

Russian doll and chinse box to use a metaphor Rushdie in novel.

Indian oral Narrations 

Panchatantra : In Panchatantra tells animals  (fable) story's to tells by Vishnu Sharma King Sudarshan three child son Bahushakti, Ugrushakti and Shakti .

Every tale in the Panchatantra teaches us an important moral lesson. The Panchatantra is a collection of five volumes which consist of a total of 87 stories.

Shihasan batisi :   Singhasan Battisi is a collection of Indian folk tales. The title literally means "thirty-two (tales) of the throne". In the frame story, the 11th century king Bhoja discovers the throne of the legendary ancient king Vikramaditya (also known as Bikramjit). The throne has 32 statues, who are actually apsaras that had been turned into stone due to a curse. Each of the apsaras tells Bhoja a story about the life and adventures of Vikramaditya, in order to convince him that he is not deserving of Vikramaditya's throne. Vikramaditya (IAST: Vikramāditya) was a legendary king[1][2][3] who has been featured in hundreds of traditional stories including those in Baital Pachisi and Singhasan Battisi. Many describe him as ruler with his capital at Ujjain (Pataliputra or Pratishthana in a few stories). The term Vikramaditya is also used as a title by several Hindu monarchs.

Kathasartasagar : In story within a story and complier was somadeva ,Baital Pachisi , Arabin night is Alif- lela story a one thousand Night,   Shahrzad or shahryar,  Indian two epics Valmiki's Ramayan, Vedvyasa a narrator and Ganesh is writer of Mahabharata and Girish Karnad's Hayavadana.

Western Postmodernist Devices Eastern Narratological Devices

Unreliable Narrator Sutra Dhar- Nati

Social realism                                                                 Magical realism / Fantasy

Historical events                                                                 Counter historiography 

Framed Narration                                                         Framed story telling 

Mythical technique for the 

sake of universalization                                                 Parodic treatment

2. Characters (how many included, how many left out - Why? What is your interpretation?)

Characters in Novel

Here are the list of character from the novel who didn't appear in the film.

Padma

Sonny Ibrahim

Commander Sabarmati

Lila Sabarmati

Homy Carrack

Alice Pereira

Nalikar Women

Ramram Sheth

 Characteres in Movie 

Satya Bhabha as Saleem Sinai

Shreya Saran as Parvati-the-witch

 Siddharth Narayan as Shiva

 Darsheel Safary as Saleem Sinai 

Anupam Kher as Ghani

Shabana Azmi as Naseem

Neha Mahajan as Young Naseem

Seema Biswas as Mary

Charles Dance as William Methwold

Samrat Chakrabarti as Wee Willie Winkie

Rajat Kapoor as Aadam Aziz

Soha Ali Khan as Jamila

Rahul Bose as Zulfikar

Anita Majumdar as Emerald

Shahana Goswami as Amina

Chandan Roy Sanyal as Joseph D'Costa

Ronit Roy as Ahmed Sinai

Kulbhushan Kharbanda as Picture Singh

Shikha Talsania as Alia

Zaib Shaikh as Nadir Khan

Sarita Choudhury as Indira Gandhi

Vinay Pathak as Hardy

Kapila Jeyawardena as Governor

Ranvir Shorey as Laurel

Suresh Menon as Field Marshal

G.R Perera as Astrologer

Rajesh Khera

Salman Rushdie, narrator

3. Themes and Symbols (if film adaptation able to capture themes and symbols?)

Symbols

The Perforated Sheet

In the movie we have seen two times The perforated sheet through which Aadam Aziz falls in love with his future wife performs several different symbolic functions throughout the novel. Unable to see his future wife as a whole, Aadam falls in love with her in pieces. As a result, their love never has a cohesive unit that holds them together. The second use we see while the performance of singing by Jamila.

The Silver Spittoon

The silver spittoon given to Amina as part of her dowry by the Rani of Cooch Naheen is responsible for Saleem’s loss of memory. Even when he has amnesia, however, Saleem continues to cherish the spittoon as if he still understands its historical value. Following the destruction of his family, the silver spittoon is the only tangible remnant of Saleem’s former life, and yet it too is eventually destroyed when Saleem’s house in the ghetto is torn down. Spittoons, once used as part of a cherished game for both old and young, gradually fell out of use: the old men no longer spit their betel juice into the street as they tell stories, nor do the children dart in between the streams as they listen. The spittoon is the symbol of a vanishing era, which, in retrospect, seemed simpler and easier. And so, although Saleem may not be able to recall the specific association between the spittoon and his family, the spittoon maintains its symbolic quality as both a container of memory and source of amnesia.

Pickles

Pickles are repeatedly mentioned in Midnight’s Children, and while they are often viewed as a phallic symbol, they are generally representative of the power of preservation within Rushdie’s novel. Saleem is the manager of a pickle factory, and he preserves pickles and chutneys each day. He also attempts to preserve his own life story like the pickles in his factory. Saleem largely manages to preserve his life through storytelling, offering a bit of immortality to a dying man, and he also labels and stores each chapter he writes in a pickle jar, so that they may be read later, by his son for example. This connection between pickles and the preservation of stories endures until the very end of the book, when Saleem ceremoniously labels his very last pickle jar as a way of closing out his story and his life as a whole.

Knees and Nose

Saleem Sinai’s large, bulbous nose is a symbol of his power as the leader of the Midnight Children’s Conference, which is comprised of all children born on the moment of India’s independence from British rule. His nose makes his power of telepathy possible, and this is how he communicates with the other children of midnight (who all have varied powers of their own). Saleem inherits his rather large, and perpetually congested, nose from his grandfather, Aadam Aziz, who also uses his nose to sniff out trouble. Saleem’s nasal powers begin after an accident in his mother’s washing-chest, in which he sniffs a rogue pajama string up his nose, resulting in a deafening sneeze and the instant arrival of the voices in his head. Saleem’s power of telepathy remains until a sinus surgery clears out his nose “goo.” After his surgery, Saleem is unable to further commune with the other children. Ironically, after Saleem’s nasal congestion is gone, he gains the ability to smell emotions, and he spends much time categorizing all the smells he frequently encounters.

Saleem and Shiva

Themes

History  and Individual

In novel Rushdie a strong established history for a India  and life of Saleem. he connect his grandfather Aziz story a General Dyer is firing and shooting ruthlessly at unarmed Indians.  Rushdie writing this novel the life of individual is fused with that of the nation. In the reader about the most sad and disturbing events in the history of free India.

Colonialism and Neo- Colonialism in India

Fragmentation, Migrancy and memory

4. The texture of the novel (What is the texture of the novel? Well, it is the interconnectedness of narrative technique with the theme. Is it well captured?)

Midnight’s children’ consist the theme like  The Single and the Many The Unreliability of Memory and Narrative Destruction vs. Creation. We see the good attempt by Salman Rushdie and Deepa Mehta. The film is not told in chronological order, but it is told in flashback. When Salim remembered something he told the audience and listener. And then come back to real life from that flashback. Whole story is told by Salim. And he described the things that he felt. This is my interpretation of the novel and film adaptation. Well some symbols are used very closely in some movies, like Taj Mahal. But Salman Rushdie and Deepa Mehta haven't took very close up scene of Taj Mahal. That we can see in the movie.

5. What is your aesthetic experience after watching the screening?

My experience after watching this movie is very good, as there are a lot of events in this movie that are woven with real life.  This movie tries to show what the situation was like with imagination and history.  Speaking out against politics was a big challenge. Emergency was imposed by Indira Gandhi at that time.  It was not an easy task but writing such a novel in the face of politics at that time was a big challenge.  Which Salman Rushdie has done.  Salman's midnight children novels have become very popular. This novel tells the same story but the way of telling the story changes.  So like reading this novel.  There is a lot of adaptation in the film so I love watching this film.

Final Solutions

 

This book is about the Hindu family in Gujarat who save 2 boys from Muslim community and are under threat to be skinned alive if they don't hand over the Muslims boys to the Hindu rioter, and those boys are Friends with the girl whom house they shelter in and one guy love that girl is the brother of her best friend and other guy is her best friend fiancé. She got scolded for that her friendship with Muslims guys and she take a full stand against that comments we see the bitterness in the both communities and there responses and author show the true face of the society to us in a way we understand best. But ending show that there is not perfect solution to end this communal hatred but there is hope coming generation may able to vanish this thing finally in the coming years. As in the ending we see all three young members were enjoying the water shower on each other and all there is love between boy of Muslim community and girl of Hindu family is the difference they have to cross to become one in this life.

1.)What is the significance of the subtitle "The Final Solutions"?

• 👉The play Final Solutions, written by Mahesh K. Dattani discusses the theme of communal riots, hatred and bitterness of Hindus and Muslims against each other. The plot is set in Gujarat. The communal hatred is at peak. It can be seen when we find Hindu mob chasing Javed and Bobby after knowing that they are Muslims.
• Next, we also come to know other complex stories like love affair of Smita (who is a Hindu) and Bobby, Javed’s story of adopting extremist way, Ramanik’s grabbing of Javed’s land  etc.
• We find that Ramanik blames Javed and his community and vice versa. But deep inside, Ramanik’s conscience does not allow him to live in peace because of the sin which he committed in the past.
• There is another issue which is discussed in the play. It is the orthodoxy which is inherited among the believers of every religion. They consider people from other communities as untouchables. Aruna’s denying Bobby and Javed from spending night at their home depicts this.
• So, throughout the play, we find ample of problems and the playwright has not given any solution. Instead, he has let the audience to decide. Hence, the final solutions are, in real, no solutions to these communal problems. We people need to know what makes us hate others.

2.)Do you think Mahesh Dattani’s “The Final Solutions” makes any significant changes in society?

👉

3.)The movie comes up with many different symbols and colors. Write about any two symbols which caught your attention. What does it signify?

👉 In movie also present symbols and colors by two community. Hindu present by Saffron ( orange) and Muslim present by Green colour.  Symbol is a chair. In movie use chair Situation present and past or age present old like Daksha and young women  Hardika.

 The diary is symbolizes the pat and present. Daksha as a young girl in past writes down everything on pages of her diary and Hardika in present , she tell about past story her family from her diary. she wright all about her past happened. ( for example : she wright his Muslim friend Zarine and her house or second think she wright is father was killed by the Muslims.)

4.)Is Ramanik a liberal thinker? If yes then why? If not then why?

👉 Yes Ramanik is a liberal thinker because he help Muslims boys and he save Javed and bobby by Hindu attackers. Both Muslim boy stay night his house. he against his wife and mother help to Muslim. he offered water and food. Ramanik help to Javed a get job his sarres shop. Because shop is Muslim but his father and Ramanik 

Thinking Activities: Foe by J.M .Coetzee

 

About Author 

Foe is a 1986 novel by South African-born Nobel laureate J. M. Coetzee. Woven around the existing plot of Robinson Crusoe, Foe is written from the perspective of Susan Barton, a castaway who landed on the same island inhabited by "Cruso" and Friday as their adventures were already underway. Like Robinson Crusoe, it is a frame story, unfolded as Barton's narrative while in England attempting to convince the writer Daniel Foe to help transform her tale into popular fiction. Focused primarily on themes of language and power, the novel was the subject of criticism in South Africa, where it was regarded as politically irrelevant on its release. Coetzee revisited the composition of Robinson Crusoe in 2003 in his Nobel Prize acceptance speech.

1. How would you differentiate the character of  Cruso and Crusoe?

👉Crusoe is no flashy hero or grand epic adventurer, Robinson Crusoe displays character traits that have won him the approval of generations of readers. His perseverance in spending months making a canoe, and in practicing pottery making until he gets it right, is praiseworthy. Additionally, his resourcefulness in building a home, dairy, grape arbor, country house, and goat stable from practically nothing is clearly remarkable. The Swiss philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau applauded Crusoe’s do-it-yourself independence, and in his book on education, Emile, he recommends that children be taught to imitate Crusoe’s hands-on approach to life. Crusoe’s business instincts are just as considerable as his survival instincts: he manages to make a fortune in Brazil despite a twenty-eight-year absence and even leaves his island with a nice collection of gold. Moreover, Crusoe is never interested in portraying himself as a hero in his own narration. He does not boast of his courage in quelling the mutiny, and he is always ready to admit unheroic feelings of fear or panic, as when he finds the footprint on the beach. Crusoe prefers to depict himself as an ordinary sensible man, never as an exceptional hero. In For Cruso’s character is described as weak and now he is not a hero anymore. So, in one novel he is a hero, in another he is not a hero.

2. Is Susan reflecting the white mentality of Crusoe  (Robinson Crusoe) ?

👉Susan, the protagonist of the story, is a British woman who went searching for her lost daughter. After searching for two years, she gives up and tries to return to England, only to be caught in the middle of a mutiny and marooned by the crew of the ship she riding home. The novel begins with her account of becoming a castaway and arriving on Cruso's island. Throughout the novel, Susan is obsessed with the idea of telling her story and the power of words. Although she lacks the talent to write, she is convinced that her story will find her fame. Despite her aging and impoverishment throughout the novel, she relentlessly pushes Foe to write an account of her time on the island. The nature of her character is ambiguous as although she appears good in some parts, other aspects of her character (e.g., her anger that Friday won't do as she says, or her possible attempt of harm on the girl claiming to be "Susan," her daughter), suggest a less well-natured character. She can be seen throughout the novel attempting to control the narrative, in particular in the third section when she becomes Foe's lover (or as she sees it, his "Muse") in an attempt to inspire him to write the story in the way she wishes. In the last few sections, she appears to lose her mind as her speeches become longer and more erratic and she convinces herself that Foe and the others in the room are not real.

3. who Protagonist?

👉As we see in the novel, we have different protagonists throughout the novel. First we see Denial Defoe is the first narrator. Because it's a prequel to that novel. So it is very important to study them first. Second narrator is Susan Barton. She tells us the story through the use of letters. Third narrator is Mr Foe, because he tells the story. Also he wrote a story on the voyages of Susan, Cruso and Friday. So he is the third narrator of the novel Fourth narrator is an unnamed person. Who observes everything and tells us what is happening. So the name is not given here of that narrator. The final and fifth narrator of the novel is J. M. Coetzee. Because he wrote everything. He described all the situations. So these are several points that we can see in both novels. And we can also see the similarities and differences in them.

Thinking Skills and Critical Thinking

 Hello, reader this blog given sir as task thinking skills. Thinking Skills Workshop organization by department of English. Two days workshop 13-14 August 2022 by #milan_pandiya sir. so write a blog.

What is Thinking Skills and Critical Thanking?

👉Thinking is an action. The action that is required to produce thoughts. Whether we are thinking about what we want to eat for lunch, the color green, or how cute a baby pig in rainboots looks, all of these thoughts are produced in our minds through the process and action of thinking.

👉Generally speaking, critical thinking is a broad category of deeper-level thinking skills used to complete specific tasks. This includes things like analyzing situations, solving problems, comparing and contrasting, and drawing conclusions based on a given set of data.

Difference Thinking and Critical Thinking?

👉According to the Cambridge Dictionary, thinking is what we do when we are considering things with our minds. Critical thinking takes things a bit further. Critical thinking is when we push our feelings and our emotions out of the way so that we can carefully focus on a specific topic.

Critical Thinking use a three words:

1. Logic

2. Rational

3. Scientific

Some point use the thinking skills 

"Thinking about thinking in order to improve thinking".

"Critical thinking content it's everything".

"Some thinking is true what else has to be true"

Sir was different example use and improve the thinking skills.

1. Karina Kapoor

2. rally in Kerala

3. brush

4. Pin

Most amazing example a serial ye he mohabbatine

most interesting examples and mind game.

"Your teacher might be wrong

Learn to think for yourself."

                                - Tao Te Ching, By Lao Tzu 600 BC